Non-equilibrium breakdown of quantum Hall state in graphene

In this report we experimentally probe the non-equilibrium breakdown of the quantum Hall state in monolayer graphene by injecting a high current density ($\sim$1A/m). The measured critical currents for dissipationless transport in the vicinity of integer filling factors show a dependence on filling factor. The breakdown can be understood in terms of inter Landau level (LL) scattering resulting from mixing of wavefunctions of different LLs. To further study the effect of transverse electric field, we measured the transverse resistance between the $\nu=2$ to $\nu=6$ plateau transition for different bias currents and observed an invariant point.Comment: to appear in PRB Rapi

CEO overconfidence and dividend policy

We develop a model of the effect of CEO overconfidence on dividend policy and empirically examine many of its predictions. Consistent with our main prediction, we find that the level of dividend payout is lower in firms managed by overconfident CEOs. We document that this reduction in dividends associated with CEO overconfidence is greater in firms with lower growth opportunities, lower cash flow, and greater information asymmetry. We also show that the magnitude of the positive market reaction to a dividend-increase announcement is lower for firms managed by overconfident CEOs. Our overall results are consistent with the predictions of our model.Chief executive officers ; Dividends

Heat transfer in a membrane assisted fluidised bed with immersed horizontal tubes

The effect of gas permeation through horizontally immersed membrane tubes on the heat transfer characteristics in a membrane assisted fluidised bed was investigated experimentally. Local time-averaged heat transfer coefficients from copper tubes arranged in a staggered formation with the membrane tubes to the fluidised bed were measured in a square bed (0.15 m x 0.15 m x 0.95 m) containing glass particles (75-110 ¿m) fluidised with air distributed via a porous plate, where the ratio of gas fed or removed through the membrane bundles and the porous plate distributor was varied. The experimental results revealed that high gas permeation rates through the membranes strongly decreased the heat transfer coefficient at high superficial gas velocities for tubes at the top of the tube bundle, which was attributed to the reduced mobility and heat capacity (higher dilution) of the emulsion phase. However, the effect of gas permeation was much less pronounced for tubes lower in the tube bundle because of the lower local dilution of the emulsion phase

Fabrication of Asymmetric Electrode Pairs with Nanometer Separation Made of Two Distinct Metals

We report a simple and reproducible method to fabricate two metallic electrodes made of different metals with a nanometer-sized gap. These electrodes are fabricated by defining a pair of gold electrodes lithographically and electrodepositing a second metal onto one of them. The method enables the fabrication of pairs of metallic electrodes that exhibit distinct magnetic properties or work functions. The utility of this technique is demonstrated by making single-electron tunneling devices incorporating 2-nm gold nanocrystals.Comment: 3 figures, 1 colo

Deep Proteomics of Mouse Skeletal Muscle Enables Quantitation of Protein Isoforms, Metabolic Pathways, and Transcription Factors

Skeletal muscle constitutes 40% of individual body mass and plays vital roles in locomotion and whole-body metabolism. Proteomics of skeletal muscle is challenging because of highly abundant contractile proteins that interfere with detection of regulatory proteins. Using a state-of-the art MS workflow and a strategy to map identifications from the C2C12 cell line model to tissues, we identified a total of 10,218 proteins, including skeletal muscle specific transcription factors like myod1 and myogenin and circadian clock proteins. We obtain absolute abundances for proteins expressed in a muscle cell line and skeletal muscle, which should serve as a valuable resource. Quantitation of protein isoforms of glucose uptake signaling pathways and in glucose and lipid metabolic pathways provides a detailed metabolic map of the cell line compared with tissue. This revealed unexpectedly complex regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin signaling in muscle tissue at the level of enzyme isoforms